The value of G was experimentally determined by Lord Henry Cavendish using a torsion balance.Cavendish brought two large lead spheres near the smaller spheres attached to the rod. Since all masses attract, the large spheres exerted a gravitational force upon the smaller spheres and twisted the rod a measurable amount. Once the torsional force balanced the gravitational force, the rod and spheres came to rest and Cavendish was able to determine the gravitational force of attraction between the masses.Cavendish expressed his result in terms of the density of the Earth.
After converting to SI units, Cavendish's value for the Earth's density, 5.448 g cm−3, gives
Today, the currently accepted value is 6.67259 x 10-11 N m2/kg2.