Density is defined as the compactness of substance.
Mathematically,
Density(D)=
The specific gravity of an object is the ratio between the density of an object to a reference liquid. Usually, this reference liquid is water, which has a density of 1 g/mL or 1 g/cm3.
Water has a specific gravity equal to 1. Materials with a specific gravity less than 1 are less dense than water, and will float on the pure liquid; substances with a specific gravity more than 1 are more dense than water, and will sink.
According to Pascal's Law,
P-P0 = hdg
from above
Change in pressure is directly proportional to depth from the free surface.
At the same horizonatal line all point are at the same depth and have same value of acceleration due to gravity and denity of water as well.
The pressure at a depth of h in a fluid of density at a place where the acceleration due to gravity is g and the pressure at h=0 is is given by
According to Pascal's Law,
Change in Pressure (P-P0) = hg
if h=0 then P-P0 = 0
and P=P0
Gauge pressure is zero-referenced against ambient air pressure, so it is equal to absolute pressure minus atmospheric pressure. Negative signs are usually omitted
The difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure is what we call gauge pressure (). It can be calculated if we know the absolute and atmospheric pressures using this formula:
Pascal's principle is defined as a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid.
This principle is stated mathematically as:
is the hydrostatic pressure (given in pascals in the SI system), or the difference in pressure at two points within a fluid column, due to the weight of the fluid.
According to Pascal's Law,
Pressure applied to any point inside the liquid is trnasmiteed equally in all direction so,
Pressure applied on the smaller cylinder is equal to the pressure on the other cylinder,which is given by
So,
Maximum force on the other side is ,
F2 =