
According to Shell's theorem, If a particle of mass m is located outside a spherical shell of mass M at, for instance, point P, the shell attracts the particle as though the mass of the shell were concentrated at its centre. Thus, as far as the gravitational force acting on a particle outside the shell is concerned, a spherical shell acts no differently from the solid spherical distributions of mass.
Average velocity is the displacement of an object, divided by the time it took to cover that distance.
Displacement is the straight line distance between the starting point and ending point of an object's motion.
Velocity is referred to as a vector quantity because it has both magnitude and direction.