We know by Newton's law of gravitation, the force on the body of mass m, situated at height h to the surface of the earth of mass ME is given by:
-(1)
we also know F=mass X acceleration( here acceleration is acceleration due to gravity)
F=mg -(2)
Equating (i) & (ii), we get
The number of carriers in the conduction and valence band with no externally applied bias is called the equilibrium carrier concentration.
For majority carriers, the equilibrium carrier concentration is equal to the intrinsic carrier concentration plus the number of free carriers added by doping the semiconductor. Under most conditions, the doping of the semiconductor is several orders of magnitude greater than the intrinsic carrier concentration, such that the number of majority carriers is approximately equal to the doping.
At equilibrium, the product of the majority and minority carrier concentration is a constant, and this is mathematically expressed by the Law of Mass Action.
Where ni is the intrinsic carrier concentration and neand ph are the electron and hole equilibrium carrier concentrations.
In the equation
y(x, t) = a sin (kx + t + )
the term with time 't' is called angular angular velocity or angular frequency
Hence is the angular frequency.