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UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Molecular Basis of Inheritance Prepare / Learn

Q1. Repetitive DNA sequence shows high degree of polymorphism that forms the basis of

A. Genetic disease assessment

B. Cell differentiation

C. Cell division

D. DNA fingerprinting

Answer : Option D
Explaination / Solution:

The term DNA fingerprinting - or genetic fingerprinting - is applied to the scientific process whereby samples of DNA are collected, collated and used to match other samples of DNA, which may have been found at the scene of a crime.

DNA fingerprinting works on the basis that each individual's DNA structure - or genetic make-up - is unique and therefore cannot be forged, faked or altered in any way.

One of the most common DNA fingerprinting procedures is RFLP: Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Special enzymes are used to cut segments of a sample from which DNA is extracted. The procedure of RFLP focuses on repetitious sequences of DNA 'bases' which vary greatly from individual to individual.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Human Reproduction Prepare / Learn

Q2. Shortest phase of the menstrual cycle is

A. Menses

B. Ovulatory phase

C. Follicular phase

D. Luteal phase

Answer : Option B
Explaination / Solution:

Menstrual cycle is divided into several phase starting from menses during which endometrium breaks and comes out through vagina for 4 to 5 days. Ovulatory phase occurs in the middle of menstrual cycle (14/15th day) during which egg is released.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Evolution Prepare / Learn

Q3. Which of the following are difficult to explain in terms of natural selection?

A. Some traits appear to have no adaptive value

B. Male peacocks evolve tail feathers that would appear to make them more rather than less vulnerable to predators

C. Male deer evolve antlers that are not used to defend themselves against predators

D. A bird issues a warning cry that puts it at greater risk of being noticed by a predator

Answer : Option A
Explaination / Solution:

All the traits that appear due to natural selection do not have adaptive value. This concept is although true but cannot be explained in terms of natural selection.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Reproductive Health Prepare / Learn

Q4. _______ involve the transfer of embryo at 8-celled stage in the fallopian tube of female.

A. GIFT

B. POST

C. ZIFT

D. IVF

Answer : Option C
Explaination / Solution:

The transfer of embryo at 8-celled stage in the fallopian tube of female is called ZIFT (zygote intra fallopian transfer). During test tube baby programme egg fertilized in vitro is transferred to fallopian tube for further growth and development.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Molecular Basis of Inheritance Prepare / Learn

Q5.

Assertion: Genetic map up of an organism or individual lies in the DNA sequence.
Reason: If two individual differs, then their DNA sequence should also be different.

A. Both assertion and reason are incorrect

B. Assertion is correct but reason is incorrect

C. Both assertion and reason are correct

D. Assertion is incorrect but reason is correct

Answer : Option C
Explaination / Solution:

DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a strand of DNA. Genetic map up of an organism or individual lies in the DNA sequence. If two individual differs, then their DNA sequence should also be different.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Human Reproduction Prepare / Learn

Q6. Enzyme produced by mammalian sperm for entry into ovum is

A. Endonuclease

B. Reductase

C. Hyaluronidase

D. Kinase

Answer : Option C
Explaination / Solution:

Mammalian sperm acrosome contains enzyme hyaluronidase that break down the Zona pellucida layer of ovum for fertilisation. Acrosome is present at the tips of sperm.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Evolution Prepare / Learn

Q7. The process in which heritable variations enabling better survival are enabled to reproduce and leave greater number of progeny is called

A. Mutation

B. Natural selection

C. Genetic drift

D. Founder effect

Answer : Option B
Explaination / Solution:

Natural selection is the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin, and it is now regarded as be the main process that brings about evolution.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Reproductive Health Prepare / Learn

Q8. Exponential growth is maximum in

A. Embryo

B. Unicellular organism

C. Multicellular organism

D. Tissue culture cells

Answer : Option D
Explaination / Solution:

Exponential growth is maximum in tissue culture because each cell divides continuously to form callus of cells. Sufficient amount of nutrient is also available in culture media.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Molecular Basis of Inheritance Prepare / Learn

Q9. Rice genome projects includes
a. Fingerprinting of HindIII and Eco RI.
b. Assembly of the fingerprinted BACs into contigs.

A. Both statements are correct

B. Statement ‘a’ is correct but ‘b’ is wrong

C. Statement ‘b’ is correct but ‘a’ is wrong

D. Both statements are incorrect

Answer : Option A
Explaination / Solution:

The Rice genome projects involves fingerprinting of HindIII and EcoRI BAC libraries, assembling the fingerprinted BACs into contigs, anchoring of the BACs onto the physical map with DNA gel restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and BAC end sequence analysis, and connecting and extending of contigs by chromosome walking.

UPSC Civil services Entrance exams Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) # Zoology Human Reproduction Prepare / Learn

Q10. Physical and chemical changes in the egg cortex which occur after the sperm entry into the egg is called

A. Cleavage

B. Cortical reaction

C. Embryological changes

D. Metamorphosis

Answer : Option B
Explaination / Solution:

After the entry of sperm into the egg the zona pellucida layer undergoes physical changes that prevent the entry of addition sperm. This reaction between zona pellucida is called cortical reaction.

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