










Volts, where b3 (MSB), b1,b2 and b0 (LSB) are the counter outputs. The counter starts from the clear state.

Volts, where b3 (MSB), b1,b2 and b0 (LSB) are the counter outputs. The counter starts from the clear state.
where u(-t) denotes the unit
step function, and α and β are real constants. This system is stable if

